The State Colonization Law was passed by the Federalist constituent legislature in Saltillo. Green DeWitt is granted permission to found a colony.  James Kerr, appointed Surveyor General by Green DeWitt, sent to survey area between Guadalupe and San Marcos Rivers. In April, the first settlement was established – Kerr Creek area, only Anglo colony west of the Colorado River.

A fort was  built, where St. Louis Street now meets Water Street (Block 3). By December, colonists returned to Gonzales. First road constructed by Byrd Lockhart.

The year began with the first brand recorded, JP, by Green DeWitt in January. The first marriage bond of the area was issued to John Oliver and Nancy Curtis. In December, the first Anglo child was born in Gonzales, James Columbus Burns, son of Arthur and Sarah Burns. The population of DeWitt Colony grew to approximately 186.

In April, the Plan of the Town of Gonzales was approved by the political department in San Antonio de Bexar.  The Mexican government loaned a small cannon to citizens  The earliest known school was founded: Gonzales Seminary with David Edward as  the first teacher. Green DeWitt died in Mexico.

Santa Anna’s Centralist Party won everywhere but Coahuila, Texas, and Zacatecas; Zacatecas was plundered; taxes were levied; and Mexican troops were sent to Texas. Approximately 20,000 Americans had settled in Texas.

On February 23rd, siege of the Alamo began. On March 1st, thirty-two men from Gonzales area entered the Alamo, joining nine men from the area who were already in the Alamo. On March 2, Texas Declaration of independence. The battle continued until March 6th, when the Alamo fell; all were killed. March 11, General Sam Houston arrived in Gonzales to take command of the Army of the Republic of Texas, fewer than 400 men. Susannah Dickinson arrived in Gonzales with news of the fall of the Alamo. On March 12th-13th, the Runaway Scrape began in Gonzales and Sam Houston ordered the town burned. On March 27, the Goliad massacre happened. On April 21, victory at San Jacinto ensured that Texas was now a free republic.

First District Court organized. City Cemetery established on north College Street. In the Fall, five children, including the Putnam children, were captured near residence of Andrew Lockhart by Indians.

On February 5th, by act of the Republic of Texas a new Charter was issued to Victoria, Gonzales and Goliad in lieu of the San Antonio Charter, under which they had previously been chartered. March 21, City Council passed new ordinances: Rioting declared a pest. Running or galloping a riding animal through the Inner Town punishable by a $5 fine. A $10 fine for discharging a fire arm in the Inner Town or between the Town and the river. A fine for cutting or injuring any shade tree not on his property. A $10 fine for any retailer of spirits who was open after ten o’clock or for any merchant who did not close his business on Sunday (except for medicines or drugs). A $10 fine for mutilating or removing public notices within the limits of the corporation. In October, City Council ordered that rocks, stones, and dirt in the public domain be reserved for the “use of the citizens forever”. City Council ordained that width of sidewalks in town of Gonzales be six feet wide and that pecan trees over eight inches in diameter be reserved for use of the town. Comanche Indians raided the area from plains to Linnville and Victoria. Many Gonzales men participated in Battle of Plum Creek, August 12, to drive the Comanches out of the area; 200 Texans defeated 1000 Comanches.

In September, Mexican General Adrian Woll attacked San Antonio and captured the District Court along with other citizens.  They started back to Mexico.  Gonzales’ Mathew Caldwell and his men met the army on the Salado and a battle ensued.  Captain Dawson brought reinforcements to Caldwell but Woll’s troops killed or captured these men.  In November, General Somervell took troops down to Laredo and captured the town on December 8.  Somervell ordered his men back to Gonzales but many of them traveled on down to Mier, Mexico, resulting in imprisonment and in many instances, death.

First Methodist Church organized, serving all denominations

The Mexican-American War begins in April.

The Mexican-American War was a conflict between the United States and Mexico, ending in February. Won by the Americans and damned by its contemporary critics as expansionist, it resulted in the U.S. gaining more than 500,000 square miles (1,300,000 square km) of Mexican territory extending westward from the Rio Grande to the Pacific Ocean. It stemmed from the annexation of the Republic of Texas by the U.S. in 1845 and from a dispute over whether Texas ended at the Nueces River (the Mexican claim) or the Rio Grande (the U.S. claim). In Gonzales, W.V. Collins began a brick yard and, securing the contract to build a courthouse, he used his own bricks; completed courthouse 1849; which cost $3,000.  Population of Gonzales grew to about 350.

On July 1, City Council ordained that south one-half of Church Square (Block 32) be leased to Baptist Church for ninety-nine years if a “commodious church is erected within three years”. The Population of  Gonzales county was  1,792, with 350 in the town.

Thomas Pilgrim was ordered by the commissioners to procure benches and tables for the courthouse which had been built in 1849.  He was to also provide “full windows with glass”. On February 29th, the Presbyterian Church of Gonzales organized, meeting in various buildings. On April 15th, the Gonzales College charter granted and received. On December 25th, City Council ordained that north one-half of Church Square (Block 32) be leased to Methodist Church for ninety-nine years if a “commodious church is erected within three years”. The population of Gonzales grew to 400.

On January 21nd, fire reported at Gonzales College. On January 28th, the jail was completed, Market Square (Block 4) cost was $5,800. On February 11th, the cornerstone was laid for new Baptist Church. In February, the city had fifty to seventy-five cases of mumps and measles. On March 4th, John Mooney was authorized by the county to build a bridge over San Marcos River near Gonzales. It was a covered bridge, reportedly the only one in Texas at that time.  On May 6th, the contract for the Female Academy has been let to John Mooney. On May 13th, a supper was held and $250 was raised for completion of the Methodist Church building. On July 12th, the  City Council agreed to pay $125 or more to get public well dug in Courthouse Square (Block 25). In August, the Baptist Church building opened and was dedicated (frame building). B.B. Peck built a new two-story building (south side Block 19) at 321 St. Lawrence Street

Chapter 51 of the Royal Arch Masons was organized. Major W.M. Phillips of Rancho drove 600 steers to market in Chicago.  He found no market but traded them for a load of whiskey which he brought back to Gonzales and sold for about the same amount as he expected to make from the sale of his cattle. Jim Barnett drove a herd of cattle to market and traded them for overcoats.  He brought the coats back to Gonzales and made a nice profit.

On January 9th, City Council declared that everyone should be entitled to a trial by jury when filed upon for an offense. On June 30th, City Council ordained all persons able to work the road who lived in the Inner Town should be compelled to work on the streets and roads whenever necessary. The area suffered a devastating grasshopper invasion.

Population of Gonzales county was 8,059. Population of the town of Gonzales had grown to 1,703.

Sam Houston died on July 26th. Samuel Houston was an American and Texan general and statesman who played an important role in the Texas Revolution. He served as the first and third president of the Republic of Texas and was one of the first two individuals to represent Texas in the United States Senate.

The first half of the year was affected by the final months of the Civil War. On October 7, City Council ordained that all males between the ages of eighteen and forty- five, except those exempt by state law, be required to work six days per year on roads in the Inner Town.

Fifteen or twenty Union soldiers had been encamped on the Gonzales public square for several months with quiet behavior and no hostility. The soldiers became quarrelsome with the citizens.  On February 21st,  two young men were attacked by two soldiers and marched at the muzzle of a revolver, made to shoulder a heavy load of wood and marched around the square to see if they had any friends.  The next day, soldiers beat a young man over the head for smiling at them. They also beat a citizen for refusing to unbutton his vest.  Another man was beaten in a beer saloon because he did not ask them to have a drink. The mayor filed two complaints with Major Whittemore who was in command, stationed in Seguin.  A notice was received that the soldiers would be leaving, but before leaving they marched into the post office where Alfred Kent was working and beat him.  They shot into the mail and broke out several windows.  Mr. Kent escaped and the soldiers went into the Keyser Hotel, beat on the doors, and fired into the rooms.  Dr. Isaac Cunningham from Belmont was roused from his sleep and beaten severely.  The sergeant ordered him to recite the Lord’s Prayer and then give three cheers for the Union.  Then they “took him into the street and shot him dead.”  They continued to discharge their weapons, firing into homes and businesses, at citizens, and at the mail coaches as they arrived and departed.  The mayor sent another protest to Major Whittemore and two days later the soldiers were gone.

The John Fauth House was built, 521 St. Peter Street (Block 33). The Miller-Sayers Bank was established, upstairs, in building at the corner of St. Lawrence and St. Joseph (Block 19) in the old D.S.H. Darst Building, completed in 1855.

President Grant signed the act to readmit Texas to Congressional representation on March 30, 1870, and this federal act was promulgated throughout Texas by a general order issued by General Reynolds on April 16, 1870. On April 6th, a  petition to the state legislature requested an act authorizing the Police Court to levy a special tax of $0.25 on $100 worth of real and personal property for one year so that funds might be raised to complete the courthouse and repair the jail. The I.O.O.F. Cemetery was created. In December, City Council declared all laws and ordinances passed by previous councils repealed; very similar new laws and ordinances passed. Kleine’s new furniture store (a frame building) was erected. The population of the county was 8,951, with 1,255 living in the town.

Wooden Presbyterian church became under construction on Military Square (Block 26).  Control of the Gonzales College was taken over by Masonic Lodge and Odd Fellows Lodge.

Gonzales Commandery, Number 11, of the Knights Templars/associated with Freemasonry, met.  The Lucien Chenault House was built, 713 St. John Street (Block 7). The W.B. Sayers House was built, 221 St. Francis Street (Block 8). On May 23rd, the first Presbyterian Church building in the county was dedicated, and debt free. The T.H. Spooner House was built, 207 St. Francis Street (Block 8).

Thomas J. Pilgrim House was built, 223 St James Street (Block 13). Paul Levyson House was built, 612 St. Louis Street (Block 40).

On January 31st, citizens first saw and heard Edison’s new invention, the phonograph, in Kleine Hall.  In January & February, the river banks at the upper and lower “wash” places graded down to permit easier access to the river.  These were at the north and south ends of Block 2 on Water Street in inner town. Every few days, herds of cattle or horses were driven through town, causing lots of damage. In March, a “stylish picket fence” was built around both the Baptist and Methodist Churches (west side of Block 32).  City Council named College Street and declared Hamilton Street be named in honor of  Joel Hamilton, deceased. Texas suffered a severe drought. A new bridge was built over the San Marcos River, purchased by the county. In May, a petition containing fifty-two signatures was presented asking for a vote on the prohibition law. June 14, prohibition law passed in Gonzales by four votes. A citizen requested that a “hog law” be passed to keep hogs from sleeping on the  sidewalks. A cistern was added to then-existing courthouse, in the center. In October, Baptists planned to build a one-story frame parsonage East of the church. On November 2nd, B.N. Peck and William Fly Company opened their store.

In February, the Union Sabbath School divided. On March 19th, a big fire caused the loss of several buildings in inner town. The Episcopal Church of the Messiah was built and consecrated; 721 St. Louis Street (Block 46). Ordinances were passed by the City Council in May:

1. No timber on town tracts shall be cut unless permission is obtained, and even then only for firewood, not for sale or speculation.
2. No business shall barter or sell on Sunday. (Does not include drugs or medicines.) 
3. No pistol or firearms shall be discharged within City limits unless on his own premises in cases of necessity.
4. No animal may be hitched or tied to the fence around public square, public enclosure, or any tree near a sidewalk within the inner limits.
5. It is unlawful to release an animal in a public enclosure in the city or to deface shrubs and trees in inner city.
6. Being intoxicated, disturbing the peace, cursing and swearing exposing his person, cause for fines.
7. No fighting.
8. No weapons in inner city. Including: pistol, dirk, dagger, slingshot, sword cane, spear, brass knuckles, bowie knife, or any other knife.
9. Be it ordained by the City Council of Gonzales: That the territory within the following lines shall hereafter constitute the inner limits of the City of Gonzales: Beginning at the southwest corner of Block No. 1, being where the old oil factory was located, thence east along St. Vincent Street to the south east corner of Block No. 43, being Dr. John C. Jones residence, thence north along College Street to the north east corner of Block No. 49, being T.J. White’s place, thence west along St. Andrew Street to the northwest corner of Block No. 7, intersecting Water Street near the Slough, thence south down Water Street to the place of beginning.

10. Horses or mules must be ridden or driven at a trot or moderate lope, no faster, within the inner city.
11. No one may leave slop, garbage or other offal upon any street, in or around the public square or other public street within the inner limits, or to leave any load of wood cut or uncut beyond the limit of thirty-six hours upon any street facing the public squares or encumber any of said streets with boxes, bales of cotton, or other merchandise, beyond a reasonable time.
12. If a fine is imposed and cannot be paid the defendant shall be either jailed or put to hard labor upon streets or other Public Works of City.
13. All other ordinances in conflict with the above shall be repealed ten days after publication thereof.

In July, James A. Garfield, the 20th President of the United States, was shot in the back as he waited for a train.  He lived for 80 days, dying on September 18, the second President to be assassinated. On July 28th, Isaiah Walker was hanged for murder of his wife, prior to the jail being completed. Gallows were constructed adjoining the platform at the head of the stairs, and one step led from the platform to the trap door, not more than two yards from his cell door – the first cell in the jail.  There were 2,000 present. By the end of the year, an estimated three-fourths of the local black walnut had been used up in the prior decade.  It was worth $150 per 1000’.  A good walnut tree requires 100 years to grow to a proper size.

On January 20, Inquirer editorials took controversial views: “It is time for the contractors to take up the dead trees on Courthouse Square and substitute live ones.  If delayed longer miserable failure will result.”  The article goes on to blame the incorrect planting of the trees by the contractor who won the bid to do the work.  Apparently the trees were planted “too shallow.” On February 3rd, an Inquirer editorial ran: ” Put away revolvers.  Human life is safer without them.  Those who carry a revolver are in danger of using it to cause grief and despair to themselves and others.  It is cowardly and lawless.” On February 3rd, Carey Pilgrim writes a letter of farewell as he resigns from the Inquirer.  He  says he associated himself with the paper in January of 1878 and then sold half interest to  G.W. Jenks.  Now, in 1883, he is putting the other half in Jenks’ control and will work at  Boothe’s Corner selling dry goods.” 

On February 10th, Saturday, reportedly the weather had been unusually warm and sultry for several days.  On Saturday morning at 7 a.m., the temperature was 72 degrees.  At 10 a.m. a strong cold north wind blew in, sending temperatures to freezing by noon.  At sundown, the temperature was twenty degrees. On February 17th, the Inquirer staff was invited down to a sumptuous oyster supper at the restaurant of Barnes & Son who “know so well how to do the handsome thing [sic].  A new feature was the introduction of lemonade.”

The C.J. Pilgrim House was built, 707 St. George Street (Block 48). The Hugh Lewis House was built, 300 St. Paul Street (Block 31) – architect, Frederick Ruffini.  Carl Reuter owned and operated the ice factory near the dam. The Guadalupe Baptist Church, five miles east of Gonzales, was  under construction. By March, J.D. Houston, W.B. Houston, and J.W. Tinsley had built new residences.  Major Cavett is building in front of Mr. Tinsley and C.J. Pilgrim is building between Mr. Boothe and Mrs. Matthias.  

In March, Bob Houston, his brother, and Lee Kokernot lost 3,000 head of cattle from winter freezes. With the average value of the animals being $22, their loss was around $66,000.  Their plan was to drive another 13,000 cattle.  On March 17th, The firm of G.J. Boothe, George Boothe, and C.J. Pilgrim announced that Mr. Pilgrim was resigning.  An accompanying letter from Mr. Pilgrim explains that he must devote his full attention to the Inquirer; though Mr. Boothe and George were like “father and brother” to him. On March 24th, John Fauth advertised that he had lime and cement on hand for those who wish to purchase.

The jail suffered a lice infestation, denied by W.W. Honnoll, deputy sheriff.  Residents were bathing in the morning or evening in the Guadalupe River, a privilege not enjoyed by every town.

On March 31, Captain W.E. Jones drove 500 head of Texas mares purchased in southwest Texas to Kansas City for shipment east.  He also ran a drive of over 2,000 cattle to Baxter Springs. Many were considering leaving the cattle driving trade: It cost $2.25 a head to ship and $2.00 to drive, but when losses are figured in, the difference is small.

In April, the Inquirer occupied the second floor of a building on the west side of Texas Heroes Square, adjoining the Keyser House on the south (Block 11).  The Plaza Hotel later stood on this site, until it burned in January, 1966.  The editor was Carey Pilgrim, the foremen were D.L. Beach and G.W. McNight (Beach and McNight left shortly after and Reese took over in 1885). 

In April, construction on the first Catholic Church structure began. The Barnes & Sons Restaurant advertised spiced pigs feet. Citizens were dreading funerals because cemeteries were infested with Trombiculidae (aka “Chiggers”).  A drought caused the corn crops to completely fail.

On May 26th, Joe Boothe shipped the first carload of cattle out of Gonzales via train.  They were shipped to Galveston.

By July, the  jail was declared “not fit for occupancy.” The Public Cemetary had been declared to be in “a very neglected, dilapidated condition.  Breaks in the fence that could have been repaired at a little cost in a few moments have been widened by passage of cattle. It is a shame for citizens to neglect their dead.” Eight women and one man were baptized in the Guadalupe last Sunday evening by Reverend G.W. Smith. 

In August, Mr. Sam Hamon killed a 10 feet alligator from the Guadalupe River. Captain G.W. Littlefield sold his home and moved to Austin. R.A. Houston’s new house was built to be 48′ x 64’ with an 18 x 64’ ell and two stories.  The top of the cupola was 48’ from the foundation.  A custom copper cow was made in San Antonio of copper to be placed atop the cupola.  The house will have a billiard parlor. (This house stood at 700 St. Paul Street, Block 35). Letter postage increased two cents.

In September, J.D. and W.B. Houston passed through town Saturday with a herd of 500 stock cattle destined for the Pecos.  They were shipped.  “Unlike other drovers they did not go up north avenue through the principle street, but turned out back of the Presbyterian Church.  A good idea”.

In January, The Gonzales Gazette newspaper began publication, later changed to The Gonzales Enterprise, lasting until 1899. On March 5th, Cavett and Sons sold their business to Edward Lewis and J.H. Boothe. On March 20th, City asked to pass an ordinance banning hogs from running loose in the streets. One citizen said that if they did not, he would raise hundreds of hogs and turn them loose in town.
On May 8th, the City passed an ordinance that hogs running loose in town would be confined in a pen and any unclaimed after three days would be sold. On May 13th, the bell named “Gabriel” was blessed atop the St. Joseph Catholic Church at the corner of College and St. Lawrence St. (Block 46). A new belfry had been added to accommodate the bell. On June 26th, a disastrous fire swept through town, destroying six buildings. A fire company was organized. The Episcopal Church of the Messiah built a new rectory.

G.W. Betts House built, 1025 St. Lawrence Street. Scheske-Kohl Building built at 315 St. George Street (Block 20).  Construction completed on the Frederich-Reese Building, 604 St. Paul Street (southwest corner Block 34) known for many years as old Hoskins Building. J.P. Randle’s two-story brick building was completed at 509 St. Joseph Street (east side  Block 19). Fischer Brothers Building at 515 St. Joseph Street completed (east side Block 19). Two-story C.A. Burchard Building at 525 St. Joseph completed (east side Block 19) There had been a frame building on the property and it was torn down. Gonzales acquired its second railroad, the San Antonio and Aransas Pass.

In 1890, the county’s population was 18,088, while the town’s population was 4,297. A new San Marcos River Bridge was built, replacing the one constructed in 1879. The Gonzales College, built in 1853, was sold and turned into a private residence. On July 15th, the Sunset Brick and Tile Company received its charter and was located on the southwest tip of the town, by the river. Additionally, Jobe was granted permission to expand his brickyard onto Lot 3 of Block 1.

The Electric Light and Power Company was established. That same year, the Charles Rather House was built at 828 St. Louis Street, and the Solomon Joseph House was completed at 205 St. James Street (Block 13). Smith and Lowery erected a cotton gin in Block 1, which continued to operate under various owners until approximately 1940. On an unspecified date in November, a fire company was organized. Additionally, Jobe’s brickyard was sold to the Sunset Brick and Tile Company.

The Eastern Star organization was established in Gonzales, but it was disbanded and later reorganized in 1908. Notably, John Wesley Hardin, the notorious outlaw, had a law office in the town. In 1892, A.J. Moore installed the first telephone in Gonzales in his saddle shop, and by 1895, there were 25 telephones in operation. In May, a bond issue of $70,000 was authorized for the construction of a new courthouse.

The fourth courthouse was completed by J. Riely Gordon on 414 St. Joseph Street (Block 25), with water provided by an artesian well capable of producing 8,000 gallons of water in three hours. On March 26th, the Seth Thomas clock was installed in the courthouse tower. Boothe and Lewis Hardware opened at 520 St Paul Street (Block 33), and a permanent fire department was organized. On March 12, the construction bids for the Randle-Rather Building were received, and it was built on the south side of Block 23 on 427 St. George Street, housing many businesses over the years. On March 26, the contract was awarded to Henry Kane of Houston for $20,000 to over $30,000. The KD Social Club for men was formed and met in the Randle-Rather Building, remaining active for about twenty years. On July 9, the litigation over the ownership of John Wesley Hardin’s manuscript was settled in favor of the Hardin heirs and was published by Smith & Moore of Seguin.

A sewer line was connected between the public school and the county sewer line at the southwest corner of Courthouse Square. On March 26th-27th, Gonzales County held an interscholastic meet for sports and academics. On April 1st, Stahl Brothers shipped out about 2,000 cases of eggs, breaking a record. That same day, Gonzales’ first producing oil well was discovered two miles west of Slayden. The Daylight savings time bill was also repealed on April 1 by Congress, going into effect that year.  On April 22, Boothe shipped two car loads of hogs bought from Skinner Brothers over the Southern Pacific Railroad to Galveston for export. Dave and Jake Stahl went into the produce business, and the Ladies Park Association formed to give Gonzales a small park. Jim Andrews, also known as Jim Barber, was hanged for murdering his wife on the jail gallows on October 7. The city granted a fifty-year franchise to Citizens Electric Light and Power Company, and several houses were completed or built, including the J.D. Houston House at 619 St. Lawrence Street, the J.C. Bright House at 808 St. Vincent Street, the J.P. Randle House at 624 St. Louis Street, and the W.H. Boothe House at 722 St. Francis Street. The Spanish-American War began on April 21, and many young Gonzales men served. In June of that year, three students graduated from Gonzales High School.

The county had grown to a population of 28,882, while the town had a population of 3,130. On April 10th, a new Mexican public school was founded on Market Square (Block 4), between two churches, and not the school known as Riverside. The Guadalupe River experienced two floods that year, one in April which crested at 34-35 feet, and another in July which crested at 36 feet in Belmont. On June 14th, two young men drowned while fishing too close to the dam in their small boat. In August, C.T. Rather sold a block of land to the Gonzales Cotton Mill Company, where the Cotton Mill stood for many years. Additionally, a three-story brick building, The Plaza Hotel, was erected on the 400 block of St. James Street (Block 11), but it burned to the ground on January 6, 1966. R.H. Walker completed a building just north of the Plaza Hotel, which was known as the Lauraine Building for many years. Finally, Solomon Stahl built a large two-story brick building on the south side of Block 19, located at 307 St. Lawrence Street.

In January, an ordinance was passed in Gonzales, stating that no obstructions such as wagons, buggies, boxes, shelves, or anything else could be left on sidewalks on streets or squares. On January 4th, an article in the Inquirer stated that the best way to advertise a town is to beautify it, which would attract new residents and businesses. On January 10th, it was reported that F.D. Glover was going to have a 200-acre rice plantation about two and a half miles above the city on the west side of the San Marcos River. On January 30th, some machines at the cotton mill were successfully tested, but the business was not quite ready to open. On January 31st, public school enrollment was reported to be at 670, up from 484 the previous year.

On February 26th, thirty-three cars of Gonzales’ Sunset bricks were shipped to Orange and Beaumont. On April 2nd, J.B. Kennard announced that he had sold his lumber business to Alamo Lumber. On April 4th, eighty looms were running at the cotton mill, and Mr. J.M. Wahrenberger of San Antonio visited the city. Fischer-Dietze Dry Goods business was dissolved on April 5th. Mr. A.F. Dietze bought out Fischer brothers and continued to operate the business. On April 21st, the old Baptist Church building was being torn down.

In April, the James F. Miller home, “Walnut Ridge,” was completed. The brick house with a slate roof had fourteen large rooms, an attic, and a basement. Sixty acres of land surrounded the house, and several acres formed a fenced yard. The bricks used were made by Gonzales Sunset Brick and Tile Company. Six cedar trees planted in front by Colonel Amasa Turner in 1872 added to the house’s beauty. The architect was J. Reily Gordon. The house had an eighteen-thousand-gallon underground cistern with a charcoal filter that shut off river water to the house when it became murky. Acquired by T.F. Harwood in 1912.

On May 15th, an independent census showed that 5,100 citizens lived in the city, while 200-250 lived on the outskirts. Travel was suspended on the iron Guadalupe River bridge on May 17th, but it was passable again on May 26th. In June, F.A. Schlick was elected to the Texas House of Representatives. In August, the Guadalupe River Bridge at Santa Anna ford collapsed during a flood. A new bridge, which had cost $10,000, was built to replace it, and a pontoon bridge was put in place in the meantime.

The J.J. Fouts House was completed on 834 Mitchell Street. The Citizens Electric Light and Power Company, Gonzales Water Works, Gonzales Water Power Company, and Gonzales Ice and Refrigeration Company were all purchased by T.H. Spooner, J.S. Lewis, and J.D. Sayers. W.L. Gardien’s excavation for a cesspool revealed prehistoric bones and teeth. Mount Pilgrim Baptist Church purchased land for a church, and E.A. Gomez opened a jewelry shop.

On January 7, the new fire station welcomed its horses, and by January 14, the Baptist Church had dedicated its new building. In February, the high school campus was adorned with new trees, and in April, a W.C.T.U. rest area was established at the old Fitzgerald Hotel. This area was designed to give country women a place to rest while shopping and was managed by Mr. J.B. Tadlock and his wife. Gonzales pecans also won first place at the St. Louis World’s Fair. On May 5, the courthouse clock rang 40 times without stopping, and J.R. Tinsley was charged with murder in 1901, but the case was transferred to Hallettsville. On May 15, the Lutheran Church was organized and began meeting on the second floor of a building on St. Joseph Street. Finally, on July 14, the City Council suspended its cow ordinance, allowing cows to roam freely in the city from 6 a.m. to 7 p.m.

Henry Reese, Jr. House built, 1220 N. College Street. The Mexican Baptist Church was first listed. In October, Farmers National Bank opened in Randle-Rather Building. The Circus came to town. Sue Willie Peck’s building at 511 St. Joseph was completed (east side Block 19). 

The Z.J. Boothe House was built at 723 St. George Street in Block 48. S. Joseph and J. Stahl constructed a large two-story building at 401 St. George Street on the south side of Block 23. The Miller-Sayers Bank was reorganized into the Gonzales State Bank and Trust Company. Chapter Number 403 of the Order of Eastern Star was reorganized. Smith and Lowery sold their cotton gin.

In 1909, Gonzales County had a population of 28,955 with a town population of 3,139. On January 6, new iron fences were placed around the Courthouse and North Avenue Park to improve the area. On January 13, the Presbyterian manse was nearing completion, which was later razed. Excavation was also made for a cement fence to be placed around the Gonzales County Courthouse at a cost of $1,300. On April 10, the Confederate Monument by Frank Teich was unveiled, which included a wrought iron fence encircling the monument, and was built by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Number 545. Halley’s comet was visible on May 16. On August 10, F.A. Schlick was elected representative to the Texas Legislature, 56th District. On August 22, Mr. C.E. Dilworth let the contract for the building of a fine two-story brick home to be built on the site of his present home at 222 Saint Peter Street. His current residence (the G.W. Littlefield House, built in 1885) was purchased by T.F. Harwood and moved to the vacant lot at 510 Saint Matthew Street. Oleomargarine was touted as a substitute for butter on September 10. On September 14, the bronze Texas Hero statue was placed on its base but veiled until dedication in October. The house bought from C.E. Dilworth by Mrs. T.M. Harwood had been moved to its new location on September 20. 8,000 bales of cotton were received to date, beating last year’s total of 4,915 on September 21. On October 20, the corner stone was placed on the northeast corner of the new Post Office, and the bronze Texas Heroes monument by Pompeo Coppini was unveiled on what is now known as Texas Heroes Square (Block 18). The weather was inclement, causing the ceremony to be moved to the Gonzales Opera House. On November 14, the Honorable William Jennings Bryan spoke at the Opera House on November 23 at 9:30 a.m. under the sponsorship of the Mothers Club. Many local businesses advertised that they would close from 9:30 to 11:30 on the 23rd so that everyone could attend the W.J. Bryan lecture at that time. Tickets sold fast at $1 for a seat on the floor and $.050 for a balcony seat on November 21. Mr. Bryan was picked up in Harwood by a caravan of local citizens in automobiles on November 23. He was housed at the Plaza Hotel, and portions of his speech were printed in the Inquirer. It ended with “Speed the day when the badge of disgrace be put upon the idler.” On November 25, the cement foundation for the new Catholic Church was laid by contractor A.O. Newman. Typhoid fever was reported in the city on November 28, with suggestions to keep the city clean to prevent further spread. On December 10, the population of Texas was reported to be at 3,896,542. On December 17, a new Pound Master and City Scavenger were appointed by the City Council. On December 28, the Daughters of the American Revolution, Thomas Shelton Chapter (DAR) was formed. Fundraising for a metal fence to be placed around City Cemetery on College Street by the Ladies City Cemetery Society was also reported. Several houses were built during the year, including the M.H. Forgotston House at 218 St. George (Block 16), the Edward Lewis House at 605 St. Louis Street (Block 39), and the George Ewing House at 604 St. Michael street.

The Remschel Brothers offered a large line of wallpaper with artistic designs and coloring, sold at prices ranging from 5 cents to 5 dollars per roll on January 1st. On the same day, Mrs. T. M. Harwood hosted a reception at her recently renovated home for members of the Harwood family and their guests. The seven-course dinner featured a variety of dishes, including tomato puree, oyster cocktails, turkey, cranberry sauce, celery, fresh green peas, mashed potatoes, fruit Charlotte, Waldorf salad, fruit and marshmallow cake, macaroons, fruit, nuts, homemade candy, cheese, nut bread, and coffee. There were twelve guests. Also on January 1, a city-wide clean-up day was held on the 3rd, and all residents were urged to clean their properties.

On January 2, many homes were opened for guests who called on New Year’s Day to wish each other a happy new year. The Beau-Nots received guests at the W.M. Fly home, while the KD Club opened their club rooms to friends, and a dance was held for those who chose to remain. The younger set who would become debutantes upon their graduation received guests at the new home of Mr. and Mrs. R.S. Dilworth (903 St. Lawrence). Advertisements on the same day included one for Foley’s Kidney pills, guaranteed to cure backache, strengthen kidneys, correct urinary irregularities, and eliminate uric acid that causes rheumatism. They also prevented diabetes and Bright’s disease. There were also advertisements for Dr. S.C. Patton, a dentist, and Kleine-Rather Realty Company. Shows were advertised almost daily by traveling troupes who entertained at the Kleine Opera House.

On January 5, Peck & Fly, J.D. Jones, D.M. Livingston, Wade-Moeller Company, and John DuBose & Sons were some of the grocery stores advertising. The Dilworth Bank promised prompt attention, while Hoskins Mercantile had a large ad promising an important message in a few days, which turned out to be a sale. On January 6, J.B. Tadlock advertised that he would make over or custom-make mattresses. He also sold furniture and racket goods. The Women’s Literary Club met on January 8 with Mrs. J.D. Sayers as President.

Mrs. F. M. Fly hosted the Thursday club on January 12, where the ladies sewed and chatted and had dainty refreshments of grape salad, bread and butter, and pimiento sandwiches, as well as chocolate with whipped cream. On the same day, the State Health Officer issued a notice to public health officials that any case of cerebro-spinal-meningitis must be isolated at once, sidewalks cleaned and disinfected, citizens should purchase a nose and throat disinfectant from a druggist, public conveyances cleaned and disinfected, public gatherings avoided, all schools closed, and citizens should not spit on the sidewalks. Eva M. White advertised her services for facial and scalp massages, clipping, singeing, hairdressing, and manicuring on January 12. She also made hair to order and made up hair combings.

On January 16, guards were placed to quarantine Gonzales County to prevent the spread of spinal meningitis. All roads entering the county and all depots were guarded, and schools remained open since there were no cases in the city yet. To place the guards, Dr. Maness had to procure tents and supplies for every guard station. Work also began on January 16 on the Park Square (Texas Heroes) preparatory to building the curbing that would surround the plot that would be beautified by the Civic Club.

On January 17, the Krochmann’s Mercantile building, located on the corner of St. George and St. Joseph in Block 20, will be demolished to make way for the construction of the Dilworth Bank building. Steiren and Forcke, who had bought the building many years ago, made this decision.

On January 18, due to two cases of meningitis reported in Waelder, all entrances into the city were guarded, and the schools were closed. The public was advised not to schedule any gatherings, and the Opera House canceled all shows. Church services and meetings were also canceled. Furthermore, visitors to the city were placed in a detention camp about a mile north of the city on the Luling road, previously known as the poorhouse property.

On January 18, the Inquirer printed several supposed authorities’ letters with cures for meningitis. One of the cures suggested rubbing turpentine on the spine, covering it with flannel, and then heating clothes-pressing irons and applying them to the spine until it blisters.

On January 18, Hoskins Brothers Mercantile announced that it was remodeling and installing a double-wide staircase to the second floor.

In spite of all the warnings, the Thursday Club and the Beau-Nots met on January 18 for their respective activities.

On January 20, the Inquirer reported that Gonzales had escaped recent outbreaks of scarlet fever, diphtheria, and meningitis due to its practice of twice-monthly clean-up days.

On January 22, schools were reopened, and all restrictions were lifted.

On January 24, two cases of meningitis were reported within seven miles of the city.

On January 30, the Inquirer suggested that Gonzales needed a hospital, and the best location for it would be on North Avenue, which was fully a hundred feet higher than the city and, therefore, a more healthful environment. Stahl Brothers announced that they had shipped 347,000 pounds of dressed turkeys from their plant in the past season. Furthermore, it was illegal to throw dead chickens, dogs, etc. into the streets. Violators of this law would be arrested and heavily fined. The garbage wagon would pass by on the first and third Wednesdays of each month to collect trash, which should be put in boxes and placed by the gate by 8 a.m.

On February 7, the Civic Club launched a contest to determine who could create the prettiest backyard, bemoaning that residents spent their resources on the front yard and neglected the rear yard. They suggested planting vines and flowers along unsightly back fences. R.A. Houston, 28, died of heart failure at his home. He was the son of Mr. and Mrs. R.A. Houston, who were both deceased, and he was an unmarried and very successful cattleman.

On February 7, a death from meningitis was reported in Lockhart. On February 8, the Inquirer reported that 20% of all children born in the U.S. died before they reached the age of one. Considerable sickness had affected the young people of Gonzales this year. In December, there was an outbreak of measles, followed by mumps, chickenpox, whooping cough, and now pneumonia. Dr. Maness’s own two young daughters were suffering from pneumonia. A trained nurse had arrived to attend to them the previous night.

On February 8, Electric Bitters were advertised for women suffering from nervous prostration and female weakness. They were the supreme remedy, as thousands had testified, for kidney, liver, and stomach troubles, and were available at local drug stores.

On February 9th, Mrs. T.H. Harwood hosted a delightful buffet luncheon for the members of the DAR, which was one of the most charming social events of the winter. The menu included delicious oyster cocktails, roast turkey with oyster dressing, and other delicacies.

As Valentine’s Day approached, several social events were planned in Gonzales. On February 13th, there was a masquerade ball to celebrate the occasion, and masks could be purchased at Tadlock’s Store. Other events included a party in honor of Judge William F. Ramsay hosted by the honorable T.F. Harwood, a buffet luncheon for the Thomas Shelton Chapter of the DAR hosted by Mrs. R. H. Walker, and the Eastern Star Banquet.

On the same day, February 13th, there were concerns raised about the possibility of a railroad coming through Gonzales. There was worry that the community wouldn’t be able to raise enough money, and that the railroad would instead go through the western part of the county.

On February 17th, R.P. Jahnke announced that he would be selling everything in his store at public auction starting on the 19th at 2:30 pm and 7:30 pm, in order to reorganize and prepare for a new partner.

F.H. Mangliers, the jeweler, declared in a half-page ad on February 19th that he would be selling his stock at wholesale cost prices for the next two weeks.

The February 20th issue of the paper contained various ads for medicinal remedies, including Cardui for women’s complaints, Texas Wonder for kidney complaints, Castoria for digestive disorders, Foley Kidney pills, Foley’s Honey and Tar Compound for bronchitis, Chamberlain’s Liniment, Bucklen’s Arnica Salve for aches and pains, Chamberlain’s Stomach and Liver tablets, Chamberlain’s Cough remedy, Dr. King’s New Discovery for colds and pneumonia, Electric Bitters for stomach, liver, and kidney disorders, and Doan’s Kidney Pills.

On February 27th, Gonzales Dry Goods received a shipment of dress lines, lawns, foulards, silks, and other fabrics.

In other news, on March 11th, The Inquirer reported that the new US flag would have forty-eight stars arranged in six vertical lines of eight each, with Arizona having achieved statehood in February. On the same day, the Gonzales Cotton Oil and Manufacturing plant, which had been established in 1893, had a serious fire in the large hull house. The spread of the fire was halted by the Gonzales Fire Department, but the building continued to burn under the flooring. The damages were estimated to be around $7500, which would be covered by insurance. The manager, J.F. Remschel, who had been injured during the fire, suggested that a new hull house would be built entirely of iron.

On March 14th, The Inquirer reported the death of a six-year-old boy due to meningitis. Despite all precautions taken, including quarantine, this was the first meningitis death in the city. The paper also mentioned that there were cases of catarrh (inflammation of mucus membranes) and la grippe (flu).

On March 19th, it was reported that the new post office on St. Joseph Street had been landscaped with large palm trees.

However, not all news was positive. On March 23rd, it was reported that young boys in the city were engaging in profanity and doubtful behavior instead of attending Sunday School, even going to the river and loitering about until the end of class. Parents were urged to investigate.

On March 25th, an informal “musicale” was held at the residence of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Lewis. Also on the same day, The Air Dome theatre reopened for the season, with admission costing 5 and 10 cents. On March 27th, the Citizens Electric Light and Power Company installed new street lights, which were deemed an improvement over the old lighting system. However, on March 28th, the editor of the local newspaper was informed that three rabid dogs had been spotted and suggested that all dogs in the area be killed to prevent the spread.

On March 30th, ex Supreme Court Justice and current Governor candidate, W.F. Ramsay arrived in Gonzales to speak to his supporters. An estimated 8,000 visitors were in town for the event, which was heralded by a free barbecue and a parade. On April 3rd, Hoskins Mercantile Company offered hand-tailored wool suits for sale at a price of $20, claiming that they were “popular everywhere because it crystalizes in one supreme design a young man’s dream of perfect dress.”

At a City Council meeting on April 5th, it was announced that the new light system installed by Citizens Electric Light and Power Company had been accepted, and a few more suspension lights strung over the center of the streets would be installed. There were also complaints voiced that some building owners let their gutters end at the top of the building, causing water damage to streets and sidewalks. On the same day, Hoskins Brothers had Easter gloves, shoes, waists, parasols, fans, and hosiery for sale.

On April 12th, parents were admonished for allowing their daughters to wear laces, muslins, gauze hose, and slippers to school. The girls were advised to wear heavy woolen clothing for comfort and health. The Civic Club also announced that Gonzales would participate in the “Cleanest City in Texas” contest sponsored by Holland magazine.

An article in the Inquirer on April 15th reported that the Titanic had sunk at 2 p.m. on the same day and that all passengers and crew had gone down with the ship. However, the report had not been verified. Every ship within 200 miles of the Titanic rushed to the location to provide assistance. The passengers and crew were estimated to number around 2,200, and the first SOS had been received at 1 a.m. On April 16th, the Inquirer reported that the Carpathia had arrived in New York with survivors from the Titanic. The ship spokesman announced that 710 souls were on board, but the list of names released had only 687 names. The number of people who were on the Titanic was reported to be 2,180.

On April 17th, residents were reminded of the twice-monthly clean-up days, one of which was scheduled for the same day. Wagons were sent to pick up any garbage that could not be disposed of by the property owner. Also on the same day, it was reported that 1,300 people had died on the Titanic, and all survivors were picked up by the first ship on the scene, the Carpathia, which numbered 868. Lastly, on April 17th, R.A. Remschel let a contract for a new building to be erected on the southwest corner of St. Andrew and St. Paul Streets. It was reported to be 60 feet deep and 110 feet across, and Meisenhelder was the contractor.

A new cotton seed house was rushed to be constructed on April 20th, to replace the one that had burned down in March at the Gonzales Cotton Oil and Manufacturing Company. On April 22nd, Gonzales Drug Company and Gonzales Hatters advertised their hat cleaning services. The foundation for the Dilworth Bank building was almost completed on April 23rd, and the brick masons were ready to start their work. Ships were picking up bodies of Titanic victims with flotation devices in the vicinity on the same day. Mrs. H. Reese, Jr. was offering eggs for hatching from a heavy-laying, prize-winning strain. On April 26th, the Inquirer reported that winter had bid farewell and ladies could safely wear their thinnest lingerie frocks and carry fans without fear of being caught in a norther before returning home. Citizens were urged to attend a meeting on the same day with men from San Antonio who were planning a road from San Antonio to Port O’Connor. Gonzales citizens were also urged to make efforts to get the road routed through Gonzales. Clean-up days continued, and citizens were advised to pour gasoline in ant hills and set them on fire to get rid of them. Louisiana was suffering from a record-breaking flood, predicted to last another two months and causing disease and a plague of snakes.

On May 4th, the County Clerk reported twenty-five births and sixteen deaths in the county during April. The Air Dome Theatre appeared to be doing a fine business with new showings regularly scheduled on May 22nd, while plays were shown at the Opera House as well. Hoskins Mercantile advertised “tub suits” for men on May 25th, made of mohair, pongee, or seersucker and costing $3.50 to $20, supposedly “cool as a cucumber for the summer.” A new sidewalk had been built in front of the Catholic and Episcopalian churches, adding much to the appearance of the area on May 27th. Crowning of the “May Queen” and a band concert at North Avenue Park was planned for the 30th on the same day. Lum Ollre was shot by Alex Schleyer at Ollre’s home on May 31st, and Ollre was expected to recover. After a heavy rain on June 3rd, city employees were digging boxes and pieces of boxes out of the storm drains to avoid unnecessary flooding in the city. Merchants were asked not to stack boxes or debris on their curbs or in the streets and to keep the welfare of their city in their hearts. The Civic Club, which had been urging citizens to make their property attractive to win the “Cleanest City in the United States” award from “Holland” magazine, gave a list of things to do on June 12th. Instructions included draining all standing water to discourage mosquitoes, cleaning horse and cow lots to eliminate flies, getting all garbage away from residences and into garbage dumps, cutting weeds and grass, and poisoning any flies or mosquitoes found.

In June, the Civic Club agreed to pay 25 cents for every pint of flies brought in by the public. In July, an ordinance was passed that required all awnings and galleries constructed over sidewalks to be made of metal or wire glass, without any supporting posts extending down to the sidewalk. Work also began to lay wires for lamp posts around Confederate and Texas Heroes Squares. In August, the San Antonio/Aransas Pass Railroad contracted with the light company to install street lights at several crossings, and five electric fans were installed in the Methodist Church. By September, the county’s estimated population had reached 44,286, and T.S. Hodges was awarded a contract to remove bats that had been infecting the jail for years. The cement walks bordering the High School campus were almost completed, and the total receipts of cotton at the warehouse and cotton yard combined showed an increase from last year. The fair dates were changed to November due to difficulty securing a carnival for the original October dates. In October, new City Ordinances were passed, including vehicle regulations, speed limits, and fines. The Gonzales Inquirer also reported that the town had achieved cleanliness, beauty, and unity of effort.

The long-awaited judge for Holland Magazine’s “cleanest town in Texas” contest came and went on October 17, and reports indicate that he was very pleased with what he saw. Democrat Woodrow Wilson was declared the winner of the Presidential election on November 7. On November 21, the eighth annual County Fair opened with a parade at 2 p.m., with another to be held the following day that includes a baby parade. Thousands were expected to attend the fair that year. On the same day, an editorial begged the citizenry to begin beautifying North Avenue Park, suggesting a fountain or monument to honor one of the outstanding citizens, as well as arches and shade trees. Also on November 21, a Gonzales County resident complained that with the new ordinance forbidding horses to be tied in town, he and his family couldn’t come to town to shop. The Inquirer sympathized and urged the City to provide more wagon yards.

The Hoskins Building was being remodeled on December 5 to accommodate a moving picture show, which opened two nights later. Michelson Brothers Candy Company began operating in the 600 block of St. Joseph Street on December 12 after buying the business from George Simo, who was returning to his home in Macedonia to fight the invaders from Turkey. On December 19, Gonzales was selected as the cleanest town in Texas by Holland Magazine, earning $300. On December 21, the Gonzales Civic Club, a ladies’ club, completed landscaping of Texas Heroes (Block 18) and of Confederate Square (Block 24), including curbing, cement walks, grass, ligustrums, palms, magnolias, and sixteen lamp posts.

During that time, the first Gonzales chapter of the Girl Scouts was formed, later dissolved and reformed. The Episcopal Rectory was built (Block 46) at 721 St. Louis Street, and the C.E. Dilworth House was completed at 222 St. Peter Street (Block 41), with architect J. Riely Gordon.

On February 12, the Gonzales Mexican Public Schools allowed 67 students of Assyrian descent to attend. Later on, a bridge over the Guadalupe River was constructed at Oak Forest. Gonzales was featured in Ladies Home Journal as the cleanest town in Texas. The W.H. Kokernot House was built by architect James Phelps at 723 St. James Street. On March 30, the Guadalupe River flooded and broke away about thirty-five feet of the dam. L. Michelson and Sons moved their Bottling Works and Ice Cream Factory to the southeast corner of St. Joseph and St. Vincent Streets and it later became the Coca-Cola Bottling Company. On May 22, the Guadalupe River flooded and crested at 31.8 feet. On July 3, the installation of curbing and cement walks around the East Avenue State Park was going well. The work included a cement bridge over the creek, and some citizens were having cement walks poured in front of their homes. On July 4, Jahnke Jewelry announced that they installed a “Time Sounder” which will set the correct time according to the United States Observatory at Washington. The park commissioners announced that the land on East Avenue between Tinsley Creek and Kerr Creek was state-owned park land and no livestock would be permitted to be on this land. On July 22, the Frank M. Fly House at 827 St. Joseph Street was nearing completion, and the M.J. Koch House was built at 605 St. George Street. On August 8, the State Board of Education reversed the decision of the former State Superintendent of Public Instruction and granted Assyrian children the right to attend the same public school as white children. On the same day, land on the southeast corner of Block 30 was purchased by C.E. Dilworth and Fred Kokernot to build a home for Mrs. L.M. Kokernot. On September 2, work was progressing on a new dam, and citizens were encouraged to turn off all unnecessary running water when they hear the fire bell ring, so there would be enough water pressure to put out any fire. On September 12, Mrs. S.W. Bass was listed as the teacher at the Mexican School. On September 21, the new I.O.O.F. Building was dedicated at 409 St. Francis Street. The T.R. Skinner House was built at 205 St. Andrew, and the R.C. Botts Building was completed on the east side of Block 11 at 421 St. James Street.

On January 19th, the Plaza presented the first color movie, “The Beloved Vagabond.” Fast forward to February 9th, and two large buffalo skulls were discovered at the dam site. Then, on May 8th, the weathervane, which featured a T41 steer, was relocated from its former spot on the Houston home to the top of the Randle-Rather Building. The city of Gonzales celebrated the Fourth of July with a barbecue dinner that was attended by over 6,000 people. The festivities included ball games, orations, dances, and fireworks. Just six days later, on July 11th, a party from San Marcos took control of the Hoskins building, known as the Plaza Theatre, and transformed it into a skating rink. By July 27th, the Guadalupe River had become unusually low, according to reports by the Inquirer. Around the same time, the Reese family gained total control of the Inquirer.

As September rolled around, Miss Eloise DeWitt began teaching at the Water Street School, which was likely the Riverside Mexican school. On September 28th, the Gonzales Amusement Company was putting the finishing touches on the New Theater building. The theater boasted an interior restroom and free ice water for patrons. By October 13th, an advertisement for a movie at the New Theater confirmed that it had opened its doors. On October 18th, plans were underway to plant pecan trees along the sides of the newly constructed State Park on East Avenue. Excavations for an artificial lake were already completed in the first block, and a rustic bridge was being constructed to reach the island in the center. The park would also feature bridges, winding paths, a bandstand, flower beds, playgrounds, and a bungalow to be occupied by the park superintendent. Finally, on October 27th, the Gonzales Water, Light, and Power Company completed the construction of a large dam over the Guadalupe River. The dam was made of hollow, reinforced concrete on a foundation of hard blue clay or shale, and it had taken two years to build due to high water and flooding. Several other dams had failed in the past, including one constructed in 1884 by T.S. Walker, a former owner of the Gonzales Water Works system.

In January, Herbert Hoover urged the American people to lead a simple life, with basic food, clothing and pleasures, and work hard, play hard, and pray hard to achieve victory. On January 11, Gonzales experienced snow with a low temperature of 12 degrees. Meanwhile, around 10,000 US soldiers were being sent to France each day. In April, the US Senate declared war with Germany, and also implemented the daylight savings program by setting all clocks one hour ahead. Early spring saw a wave of influenza virus hit the country, causing half of all US soldier deaths, amounting to approximately 43,000 casualties.

On June 28, six carloads of walnut logs were shipped to Kansas City to make gun stocks and airplane propellers. To conserve food for the war effort, people were encouraged to participate in “Meat-less, wheat-less” days. The county received “war seed” from the U.S. government to plant “war gardens”, while the New Texas National Guard was raised. The fire station on Confederate Square (Block 24) was also remodeled to house three motor-driven vehicles. Piggly-Wiggly, a popular supermarket chain, opened its doors in town.

On June 26, Mrs. Q.M. Sharp became the first woman in Gonzales County to register to vote. Ladies groups also came together to knit and crochet items to send to local men who were stationed at Camp Bowie (Fort Worth) before being shipped to Europe. Finally, on November 11, the cease-fire was declared at 11 a.m., ending the war.

On January 29th, the building between Gonzales Drug Store and Fitzgerald Drug Store began undergoing renovation to prepare for the opening of H & M Toggery. On February 5th, the Stahl Building, which housed Jahnke Jewelry Store and Friedman’s Branch, received a new awning. On February 6th, the county had 1,469 motor vehicles registered. On February 7th, Miss Daisy Humphries and Miss Rena Meisenhelder opened H. & M. Toggery clothing store at 523 St. Joseph Street. Stahl Brothers sent out 288,000 eggs to New York on February 12th and shipped out their last shipment of pecans for the season, 40,000 pounds of Guadalupe pecans, going to Chicago, valued at over $5,600, on February 19th. On February 26th, there was interest in forming a “Commission” form of city government, with J.F. Remschel as the mayor and B.B. Hoskins, Jr. and W.L. Gardien, Jr. as commissioners. That same day, Stahl Brothers shipped another 400 cases (144 per case) of eggs out to Havana, Cuba. On March 25th, Dr. George Holmes closed a deal for an up-to-date hospital with a two-story brick structure that had a basement and twenty rooms. He planned to take classes at Johns Hopkins and Mayo Brothers to further qualify. On March 26-27th, the Gonzales County interscholastic meet took place, including both sports and academics. On May 17th, the Guadalupe River flooded and crested at 33.4 feet. In September, young people enjoyed the weekly hop on the Neuman Roof Garden, and twenty students graduated from high school. Also in September, a Ford Touring car was available for purchase at $616.06, and a Roadster for $507.03. Gonzales had a population of 28,438 in the county and 3,128 in the town.

The Chamber of Commerce began functioning in Gonzales. On February 3rd, a new bus line started from Gonzales to San Antonio, which left at 2 p.m. On March 30th, the Guadalupe River flooded and crested at 31.2 feet. On April 5th, the river flooded again, this time cresting at 33.3 feet. Later that month, on April 27th, the Dilworth Bank demonstrated a new invention called a “radio” at 7 p.m. On April 29th, the Guadalupe River flooded for the third time and crested at 25.5 feet. On May 20th, Gonzales High School graduated seventeen students. On June 20th, the Stahl Brothers started their large two-story brick building at 311 St. Lawrence Street. This block had eight brick buildings, with four facing south and four facing north. On July 8th, a new bus line started from Gonzales to Austin, which left at 6:30 a.m. On August 7th, the Buick Passenger Line started, and a seven-passenger Buick left Gonzales at 7 a.m. and arrived in San Antonio at 10 a.m. It then left San Antonio at 2:30 p.m. and arrived in Gonzales at 5:30 p.m. Professor and Reverend George W. Edwards was the principal of Edwards High School from 1922-1934. The school may have been built in 1923. The first free city mail delivery began, and the first county fair was held on the south fairgrounds. The Riverside School for Mexican students in Block 4 showed up on the Sanborn Fire Maps, which was later enlarged in 1934.

The Catholic Daughters of America were organized on February 17th. On March 2nd, Council #2528 Knights of Columbus were organized, but they dissolved in December 1935. The “Buffalo Crossing” monument was placed near the Guadalupe River on the western edge of the city. In May, the cornerstone of the new Presbyterian Church was laid, which included a roll of membership, original report of building committee for the first edifice built in 1874 in the handwriting of Major T.M. Harwood, views of the first building, and more. The Arlington Hotel was mentioned in the Inquirer. In August, the City Council banned all medicine shows, peddlers, and carnivals from the city’s squares and streets. The Mount Zion Association met for the 52nd annual session of the African-American Baptists with 250 delegates at the Gonzales County Fairgrounds. J.C. Edgar opened his Magnolia Service Station on the west corner of St. Joseph and St. Andrew Streets. The Christy Brothers Circus came to town on November 12. In November, the City Cemetery Society held a workday to put every lot in the very best condition. On December 10, the American Legion Post Number 40 received a charter. Mrs. W.H. Boothe sent one of her three pet alligators to the zoo in Sweetwater, Texas, in December. The utility companies (Gonzales Water Works, Citizen’s Electric Lights and Power Company, and Gonzales Water Power Company) were bought by Morrison and McCall in 1924 and were combined under the name of Central Power and Light Company. The power house was built at the dam. Paving began on St. Lawrence Street, and the first movie “with sound” (a phonograph record that played simultaneously with the film) was shown at the Crystal Theatre. A golf club was formed at the course on the Gonzales Fairgrounds north of town.

 Edward Sweeney House completed, 1109 St. Lawrence Street.  The three-story Alcalde Hotel was built by Aref and Helen Satel Droupy at 614 St. Paul Street (Block 34). J.M. Ara began his pecan business. The Remschel Building at 703 St. Paul  (Block 22) was completed.  Record crop of pecans (six million pounds) harvested, and 120 railroad car loads were shipped out of the county.  On April 22nd,  the Guadalupe River flooded, cresting at 36.40 feet.

In January, Stahl Brothers sold forty carloads of feathers to a Chicago firm. Meanwhile, S.F. Halamicek and his son, Roy, opened Halamicek Auto Supply on the east side of St. Joseph Street, possibly renting from C.E. Dilworth. In February, the Texan Theatre opened in the J.S. Lewis Building on St. George Street. March saw the opening of the Rialto Theatre on St. Joseph Street north of Dilworth Bank Building. In April, an announcement was made that the first dance of the season would be held at the Breezy Roof on May 3. Glen Wallace and his orchestra of San Antonio would provide the music for this occasion. In May, the Continental Hatchery opened and shipped five to six thousand turkey chicks every week until it burned to the ground in mid-August.

August brought two new classrooms to be added to the northeast corner of the high school building, with the contractor being F.B. Meisenhelder. The cost was about $5,000, and a cafeteria was also added. On August 9, two huge alligators that made their home in the large cement tank at the Cotton Mill were shot by Marshal N.D. Cone as they had been escaping too often and were a menace to the community. One weighed over 600 pounds, and they were each about seven feet long. August 16 saw the T41 weathervane moved to the top of the fire station which also housed “City Hall” on Block 24. It had originally been on the top of the R.A. Houston House, placed there in the 1880s when the house was completed. Houston died, and the house became the Arlington Hotel. When it was razed circa 1926, the weathervane was placed on top of the Randle-Rather Building. W.B. Houston then gave it to family friend, John DuBose, and he presented it to the City.

In September, the Courthouse and Jail both got a gas-steam heating system. The Courthouse got twelve heaters, and the jail got nine. On October 4, it was estimated that over 20,000 people attended the county fair on the first day, and it was later reported that 50,000 attended the fair on October 11. On the same day, J.C. Penney advertised khaki pants for $0.98 and a four-piece suit for boys at $9.90. In November, a group of Gonzales farmers protested against the three “mammoth” dams that were to be built by the Hunt Development Company of Delaware across the Guadalupe River in Gonzales County. On November 8, the old Boothe building at the corner of St. Louis and St. Joseph streets was razed, and a modern filling station was erected in its place by Dr. J.A. Maness. The Boothe family had conducted business there for more than sixty years. On November 15, citizens protested against the felling of two huge live oak trees that formed a gateway into the City on East Avenue near the bridge. Finally, in 1900, the Church of Christ was organized in Gonzales.

The population of the county was 28,337. A four-legged metal water tower was erected on the northern boundary of the city. In January, Joe Peterek built a new brick store. On January 18th, the temperature dropped to zero, the coldest weather in twenty-five years. In September, M.H. Forgotston built the Gulf Service Station at the corner of St. Joseph and St. Michael Streets. At some point during the start of the depression, the Air Dome Theater closed. In September, Tom Iley made $1,097 on sixteen acres of tomatoes. Lynn Smith Sr., the owner of the Crystal Theater, brought famed singers Jimmie Rogers and Ernest Tubb to perform on stage. A box factory was established where the old ice plant had been, but it was gone by 1940.

In the early part of the year, Sheriff Hart was found shot in his home at the jail. On January 27, the Gonzales Production Credit Association was organized. The Delta Kappa Gamma Society, Alpha Psi Chapter, a teachers’ organization, was formed around this time as well. The Robertson and Seydler Funeral Home was also started at 906 St. Paul Street, which would later be known as Seydler-Hill Funeral Home. On May 7, 200 CCC workers arrived at the Ottine camp. A mass meeting was called on June 22 to save Ottine State Park, and the next day citizens pledged $2,000 to match the $2,000 appropriated by the Commissioners’ Court to purchase the land needed for the Ottine Park area. On August 17, the Guadalupe River Bridge at Santa Anna Ford was dedicated, replacing the 1874 bridge. The Riverside School was enlarged in Block 4, and on September 10, it opened with 1227 students. Later that month, on September 14, several hundred people attended a style show held in the two large glass windows on the front of H&M Toggery. The boll weevil was becoming a problem for cotton farmers, and on September 25, it was reported that 46,698 rats had been killed since March in an effort to control typhus fever. In October, several dances were held at the Breezy Roof Garden. On October 19, a working historical organization was founded to work in accordance with Centennial plans and assemble and preserve historic records of Gonzales County. G.H. DeWitt, great-grandson of Green DeWitt, was elected president. On October 23, a reported crowd of 10 to 12 thousand people watched the 1 P.M. parade that was the opening spectacle of the 13th annual Gonzales County Fair and Pecan Exposition. In November, many children reportedly fell ill with measles, and on December 5, Sheriff Sam Hart dumped 1,200 gallons of liquor in the street. The first Municipal Christmas tree, lighted, was erected on Confederate Square on December 18. CP&L furnished lighting and electricity, local electricians provided labor, and the ladies of the town decorated. George McVea donated the tree, a large native cedar. Several public programs were planned, including caroling.hn Mohrmann, Sr.).  

On July 1st, the Guadalupe River flooded and crested at 38.2 feet. The Halamiceks purchased four buildings in Block 23 on the east side of the 600 block of St. Joseph Street, which later became one of the leading automobile accessory stores in this part of Texas. The Texas centennial celebration began and one million centennial stamps were sold. On March 1st, a bronze and granite monument was unveiled at the Alamo, dedicated to the memory of the thirty-two men from the Gonzales area who answered Travis’ plea for help and entered the Alamo to die.

On December 2nd, Guadalupe Valley Electric Cooperative, Inc. at Cost received its charter from the state of Texas. The total number of fires in Gonzales in 1938 was forty-two.  Fire Chief was C.E. Ince.

In January of 1940, the NYA had established sixty workshops throughout Texas to provide work experience and income to unemployed youth. By January 22nd, heavy snow had blanketed most of Texas, including Gonzales, which received four inches. Two days later, on January 24th, the second floor of the Episcopal Rectory located in Block 46 burned down.

On February 5th, a quarter of North Avenue students were absent from school due to measles or the flu. A month later, on March 11th, the NYA residence for girls opened at 327 St. Joseph Street. The following day, the roof was being placed on the rock building known as the Boy Scout Hut, which was being constructed by the NYA. It had a kitchenette, a fireplace, a rest room, and a 24’x36’ assembly room.

On March 13th, it was announced that Gonzales High School would change from eleven to twelve grades. Recruitment of boys aged seventeen to twenty-three for the CCC began the following day. On March 23rd, Robert Van Beveren left for Berkeley, CA, where he would attend the Cincinnati Reds’ training camp. A month later, on April 22nd, it was reported that Fred Scheske would be working with the training team for the St. Louis Browns in Mayfield, Kansas.

On May 3rd, the Lions Club of Gonzales was formed at noon. Nine days later, baccalaureate services were held at the Memorial Museum amphitheater for seventy-six graduating seniors. On June 13th, the Stahl Brothers plant processed over 4,000 chickens daily, employing 300 people. On June 19th, two hundred scouts gathered for the dedication of the Boy Scout Hut, built by the NYA and partially funded by Mrs. J.M. Murphey.

During June, John Marriott was employed to prepare plans for the shop building to be constructed on the high school campus on St. Louis Street, which was an NYA project. Additionally, the Eastside Baptist Church opened on the corner of Seydler and St. Andrew Streets, and the Lutheran Church building was constructed at 1206 St. Joseph Street. The population of the county during this time was 26,075, with a town population of 4,722.

The Lutheran Church building was dedicated. On July 7th, the Guadalupe River flooded, cresting at 35.10 feet. The Eastside Baptist Church was officially recognized.

The Veterans of Foreign Wars Post Number 4817 was organized, and the Gonzales County A&M Club was formed. Additionally, the Church of Christ stucco building was erected on the corner of St. Paul and Wallace. It was reported that seventy-nine men from Gonzales County died while serving in WWII, either due to being killed in action or other causes.

On May 1st, the Gonzales Volunteer Fire Department deeded its equipment to the city, who assumed financial responsibility for it. Shortly thereafter, voters passed a proposal for a $75,000 fire station. In Block 33, Lynn Smith, Sr. completed the Lynn Theater. During this time, Mexican students were integrated into the local schools, while African-American students were bused to Riverside School. On the east side of Wallace Street, Rufus King completed tourist cottages. On September 2nd, land was purchased for the construction of Independence Park. On October 13th, Mrs. J.M. Meneley of 511 Cone Street won the city-wide contest to name the new seventy-one acre city park, and her suggestion of “Independence Park” was chosen. She received $25 as a reward. Work began on Independence Park in November.